ABSTRACT The application of leaf area index (LAI) in coffee crop management depends on the availability of methodologies for proper estimation. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for the visual assessment of LAI in coffee fields and to establish a protocol for training, evaluation, and feedback for evaluators. Four rounds of LAI measurements were conducted using visual estimates, two instruments (LAI 2200-C and AccuPAR LP-80), and defoliation of coffee hedgerows in Poás, Costa Rica. In each round, five workers visually estimated the LAI values on two occasions separated by 15 days, and feedback reinforcement was provided to each worker at the end of each round. Visual assessments showed high repeatability and reproducibility and the estimates were adjusted to the linear regression model in most cases. Evaluators improved their capacity to visually assess the LAI throughout the rounds, as the value of R2increased consistently for most workers, with values as high as 0.87. Instrumentation evaluation of LAI produced R2values of 0.5-0.6, with significant underestimation bias. The performance of the different methods is discussed in the context of widely spaced hedgerows. The proposed visual methodology constitutes a statistically sound, rapid, simple, and reliable method for determining the LAI of coffee fields to aid in decision-making for crop management.

RESUMO A aplicação do índice de área foliar (IAF) na gestão da cultura do cafeeiro depende da disponibilidade de metodologias para sua estimativa correta. É proposta aqui uma metodologia para a avaliação visual do IAF em plantas de café, por tanto se estabelece um protocolo para o treinamento dos avaliadores. Foram feitas quatro rodadas de medições do IAF utilizando estimativas visuais, dois instrumentos (LAI 2200-C e AccuPAR LP-80), e desfolhações de sebes de café na Costa Rica. A cada rodada, cinco trabalhadores estimaram visualmente os valores do IAF em duas ocasiões e separados por 15 dias. Ao final de cada rodada, foi dada uma retroalimentação a cada trabalhador. A avaliação visual mostrou alta repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade, e as estimativas foram ajustadas para o modelo de regressão linear na maioria dos casos. Os avaliadores melhoraram sua capacidade de avaliar visualmente o IAF ao longo das rodadas, e o valor de R2 aumentou consistentemente para a maioria dos trabalhadores, com valores tão altos quanto 0,87. A avaliação do IAF por instrumentos produziu valores de R2 de 0,5-0,6, com significativa tendência de subestimação, e não se ajustou ao modelo de regressão linear. O desempenho dos diferentes métodos é discutido no contexto de coberturas com amplo espaço. A metodologia visual proposta constitui uma determinação sólida, rápida, simples e confiável do IAF na lavoura do café e considera-se uma ajuda na tomada de decisões para a gestão da safra.

Introduction: International consensus guidelines are commonly used to identify patients at high risk of developing cancer or with cancer. Its applicability, however, is based on investigation through imaging tests, however without histological confirmation. Objective: To compare the performance and results of international guidelines in incidental mucinous neoplasia after diagnosis obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle puncture (EUS-PAF). Methods: Single-center study with prospective collection of data from asymptomatic patients with the disease who underwent EUS-PAF. Appropriate cohort selection included images that were ambiguous regarding this diagnosis or the presence and/or development of other worrisome features as defined by international guidelines. After microhistological analysis of the material obtained, each of the guideline criteria was applied to identify cancer among patients with the disease. Results: 251 patients had the diagnosis confirmed by EUS-PAF or surgical procedure. The majority were asymptomatic. The final diagnosis revealed 27.8% (n=39) with malignant disease or high-risk signs. After applying the AGA-2015, IAP-2017 and DE-2018 criteria, it was observed that those detected incidentally were referred for surgery unnecessarily. These guidelines did not identify malignant and high-risk disease in 59%, 33.3% and 46.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The European DE-2018 proved to be more accurate for use in patients with asymptomatic incidental mucinous neoplasia after the diagnosis obtained by EUS-PAF.

Introdução: Consensos internacionais, são diretrizes comumente usadas para identificar pacientes com alto risco de desenvolver câncer ou com câncer. Sua aplicabilidade, entretanto, baseia-se na investigação por exames de imagem, contudo sem confirmação histológica. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho e os resultados das diretrizes internacionais em neoplasia mucinosa incidental após diagnóstico obtido pela punção com agulha fina guiada por ultrassom endoscópico (USE-PAF). Métodos: Estudo unicêntrico com coleta prospectiva de dados de pacientes assintomáticos com a doença submetidos a USE-PAF. A seleção apropriada da coorte incluiu imagens ambíguas quanto a esse diagnóstico ou a presença e/ou desenvolvimento de outras características preocupantes, conforme definido pelas diretrizes internacionais. Após análise microhistológica do material obtido, cada um dos critérios das diretrizes foi aplicado para identificar câncer entre os pacientes com a doença. Resultados: 251 pacientes tiveram o diagnóstico confirmado pela USE-PAF ou procedimento cirúrgico. A maioria era assintomática. O diagnóstico final revelou 27,8% (n=39) com doença maligna ou sinais de alto risco.. Após aplicação dos critérios AGA-2015, IAP-2017 e DE-2018, observou-se que os detectados incidentalmente foram encaminhados para cirurgia desnecessariamente. Essas diretrizes não identificaram doença maligna e de alto risco em 59%, 33,3% e 46,1%, respectivamente às diretrizes. Conclusão: A DE-2018 europeia mostrou-se mais precisa para ser utilizada em pacientes com neoplasia mucinosa incidental assintomática após o diagnóstico obtido pela USE-PAF.

Introduction: Pancreatic cystic lesions are common and are not exclusively benign. There are 3 guidelines that help recommend surgery if there is a risk factor, sign of malignancy or follow the patient with imaging tests. Objective: To review and compare the performance of these guidelines in asymptomatic patients with mucinous neoplasms. Method: The literature review was carried out by collecting information published on virtual platforms in Portuguese and English. The material for reading and analysis was selected from the SciELO, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus platforms. Initially, a search was carried out using the keywords “mucinous cystic neoplasm. pancreatic intraductal neoplasms. endoscopic ultrasound. fine needle aspiration” with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. Afterwards, considering only those that were most related to the topic, the full texts were read. Results: 37 articles were included. Conclusion: The European Guideline-DE-2018 proved to be more accurate for use in patients with asymptomatic mucinous neoplasia after the diagnosis obtained by EUS-PAF.

Introdução: As lesões císticas pancreáticas são comuns e não são exclusivamente benignas. Existem 3 diretrizes que ajudam a indicar cirurgia no caso de haver algum fator de risco, sinal de malignidade ou acompanhar o paciente com exames de imagem. Objetivo: Revisar e comparar o desempenho dessas diretrizes em neoplasias mucinosas identificados de forma incidental. Método: A revisão da literatura foi feita colhendo informações publicadas em plataformas virtuais em português e inglês. O material para leitura e análise foi selecionado das plataformas SciELO, Google Scholar, Pubmed e Scopus. Inicialmente foi realizada busca por descritores “neoplasia cística mucinosa. neoplasias intraductais pancreáticas. ultrassonografia endoscópica. aspiração por agulha fina” com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. Após, considerando-se somente os que tinham maior relação ao tema, foi realizada a leitura da íntegra dos textos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 37 artigos. Conclusão: A Diretriz Europeia- DE-2018 mostrou-se mais precisa para ser utilizada em pacientes com neoplasia mucinosa assintomática após o diagnóstico obtido pela USE-PAF.

Resumen: Las organizaciones usan varios lenguajes de programación para desarrollar sus sistemas. Estas utilizan las características mas apropiadas de cada lenguaje para un dominio determinado. Por su parte los programadores deben tener dominio de diferentes lenguajes para hacer frente a la creciente complejidad del desarrollo y mantenimiento del software. Así que necesitan herramientas que les ayuden a realizar esas tareas. Esas herramientas deben ser capaces de analizar los programas para identificar las relaciones entre sus elementos internos, ayudar a descubrir patrones y calcular métricas de calidad. Sin embargo, la mayoría tienen soporte limitado para analizar diversos lenguajes de programación y altos costos de adquisición. Por lo que existe la necesidad de contar con nuevos métodos para analizar el código escrito en múltiples lenguajes de programación. Este artículo describe el diseño de un método para transformar automáticamente la sintaxis de varios lenguajes de programación en un lenguaje universal con una sintaxis genérica. La función del lenguaje genérico es encapsular las especificidades de cada lenguaje concreto, de manera que se facilite el análisis de programas en una sola sintaxis de programación y no en múltiples sintaxis. La ventaja de este enfoque es que solo se requiere un motor de análisis, no varios analizadores de código, para estudiar los programas.

Abstract: Organizations use various programming languages to develop their systems. These aim to take advantage of the most appropriate features of each language for a given domain and require programmers to command different languages and also to face the growing complexity of software development and maintenance. So, they need tools to help them analyze programs to identify relationships between their internal elements, uncover patterns, and calculate quality metrics. However, most tools have limited support for parsing multiple programming languages and high acquisition costs. Therefore, there is a need for new methods to analyze code written in multiple programming languages. This article describes the design of a method to automatically transform the syntax of various programming languages into a universal language with a generic syntax. The function of the generic language is to encapsulate the specificities of each specific language, so that the analysis of programs is facilitated in a single programming syntax and not in multiple syntaxes. The advantage of this approach is that only one analysis engine is required, not multiple code analyzers, to study the programs.

Resumo Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares são uma grande preocupação para a saúde mundial. A falta de seguimento terapêutico dessas doenças está associada com o alto risco de eventos cardiovasculares. Compreender os elementos que motivam essa adesão pode impulsionar a elaboração de intervenções mais efetivas. Objetivo: Identificar os elementos reguladores da motivação ao seguimento terapêutico das doenças cardiovasculares. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa segundo as diretrizes de Whitemore e Knafl. Realizou-se a seleção dos artigos entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021 nas bases de dados: LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE e Cochrane Library, com recorte temporal de 2011 a 2021, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Foram excluídos os artigos de revisão, reflexão, guidelines, protocolos de pesquisa e artigos repetidos. 19 estudos foram selecionados. Resultados: Estudos oriundos de 12 países, mostraram os reguladores de motivação ao tratamento das doenças cardiovasculares em cinco categorias: suporte social, saúde física, autodeterminação, reguladores psicoemocionais e sistemas de cuidado. Conclusão: A motivação apresenta regulações complexas, que mobilizam e potencializam o comportamento humano. Os resultados podem direcionar a assistência de enfermagem e as ações intencionais que influenciem no seguimento terapêutico de doenças cardiovasculares, melhorando os resultados de saúde.

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son una preocupación importante para la salud mundial. La falta de seguimiento terapéutico de estas enfermedades se asocia con un alto riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares. Comprender los elementos que motivan esta adherencia puede impulsar el desarrollo de intervenciones más efectivas. Objetivo: Identificar los elementos reguladores de la motivación para el seguimiento terapéutico de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora, siguiendo los lineamientos de Whitemore y Knafl. La selección de artículos se realizó entre diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021 en las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE y Cochrane Library. El marco temporal establecido para la selección fue de 2011 a 2021 y los idiomas fueron portugués, inglés y español. Se excluyeron artículos de revisión, reflexiones, guías, protocolos de investigación y artículos repetidos. Se seleccionaron 19 artículos. Resultados: Estudios de 12 países mostraron los reguladores de la motivación para el tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares en cinco categorías: apoyo social, salud física, autodeterminación, reguladores psicoemocionales y sistemas de atención. Conclusión: En esencia, la motivación tiene regulaciones complejas que movilizan y mejoran el comportamiento humano. Los resultados pueden orientar los cuidados de enfermería y las acciones intencionales que influyen en el seguimiento terapéutico de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, mejorando los resultados de salud.

Abstract Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are a major concern for global health. The lack of therapeutic follow-up for these diseases is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. Understanding the elements that motivate this adherence can prompt the development of more effective interventions. Objective: To identify the regulatory elements that regulate the motivation for the therapeutic follow-up of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: This is an integrative review following Whitemore and Knafl's guidelines. The articles were selected between December 2020 and January 2021 in the databases: LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, with a time frame from 2011 to 2021, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Review articles, reflections, guidelines, research protocols, and repeated articles were excluded. 19 articles were selected. Results: Studies from 12 countries showed the regulators of motivation for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in five categories: social support, physical health, self-determination, psycho-emotional regulators and care systems. Conclusion: In essence, motivation has complex regulations that mobilize and enhance human behavior. The results can guide nursing care and intentional actions that influence the therapeutic follow-up of cardiovascular diseases, improving health outcomes.

RESUMEN El presente documento describe el desarrollo de las misiones de las Universidades como un elemento evolutivo de estas organizaciones. Siendo la tercera misional como un elemento de vinculación participativa en dimensiones sociales, empresarial, emprendedora y tecnológica. Las universidades paraguayas actualmente presentan una limitada comprensión teórica - metodológica y técnica de las actividades de las RUE a través de la tercera misión universitaria. El presente documento analiza documentalmente desde el marco normativo nacional como una posible limitante a la explotación de los conocimientos, tecnologías y capacidades instaladas de la universidad. Visualizar las posibilidades de las actividades de la tercera misión universitaria permite dinamizar las Relaciones Universidad Empresa (RUE). Los vínculos entre las relaciones universidad-empresa (RUE) necesitan un mecanismo contractual sólido. Reforzar estos mecanismos para facilitar la ejecución de estas relaciones no solo se presenta como una oportunidad para la innovación en el ámbito universitario, sino también como una posibilidad económica beneficiosa para la institución académica. En la actualidad, la Universidad Autónoma de Asunción cuenta con una Oficina de Transferencia de Resultados de Investigación (OTRI) denominada Innova Lab - UAA. Esta entidad representa una excelente oportunidad para fortalecer y fomentar el desarrollo de las conexiones entre RUE en la ciudad de Asunción. La oficina cuenta con todos los elementos técnicos necesarios para la implementación exitosa de este tipo de relaciones, incluyendo modelos contractuales y programas específicos de vinculación. Estas sinergias nos permitirán desarrollar la tercera misional de las universidades vigente a nivel internacional y colocar a la universidad como una organización a la vanguardia. La OTRI: Innova Lab - UAA es una estructura de interfaz, son oficinas acompañan el proceso de transferencia de conocimientos y de tecnología a la sociedad a través de mecanismos legales vigentes en el país o en el lugar a explotar. Permitiendo diversificar ingresos para los investigadores, inventores, estudiantes y resto de la comunidad universitaria, a través de la protección de los resultados de investigación y desarrollo que puedan contener una posibilidad de generar valor agregado. Mejorar las relaciones intra-institucionales direccionando actividades internas que permitan direccionar gestión de proyectos de: investigación, desarrollo de prototipos y actividades de innovación. A ampliarse las oportunidades de resultados de investigación con posibilidad de protección, visualizando la trasferencia tecnológica y/o de conocimientos. Las REU amplían las probabilidades de generar este tipo de oportunidades de retroalimentación al mismo sistema.

ABSTRACT This document outlines the development of the missions of universities as an evolutionary element of these organizations. The third mission is described as a participative link in social, business, entrepreneurial, and technological dimensions. Paraguayan universities currently have a limited theoretical, methodological, and technical understanding of the activities related to the third university mission. This document critically analyzes the national regulatory framework as a potential limitation to the exploitation of the knowledge, technologies, and capacities installed within the university. Envisioning the possibilities of third university mission activities allows for the dynamic enhancement of University-Enterprise Relationships (UER). The links between University-Enterprise Relationships (UER) require a robust contractual mechanism. Strengthening these mechanisms to facilitate the execution of these relationships not only presents an opportunity for innovation in the university environment but also as an economically beneficial possibility for the academic institution. Currently, the Autonomous University of Asunción has an Office of Research Results Transfer (OTRI) called Innova Lab - UAA. This entity represents an excellent opportunity to strengthen and promote the development of connections between UER in the city of Asunción. The office has all the necessary technical elements for the successful implementation of such relationships, including contractual models and specific linkage programs. These synergies will enable us to develop the third university mission at an international level and position the university at the forefront. The OTRI: Innova Lab - UAA serves as an interface structure, accompanying the process of transferring knowledge and technology to society through legal mechanisms in force in the country or location to be exploited. This enables diversification of income for researchers, inventors, students, and the rest of the university community through the protection of research and development results that may contain the potential to generate added value. Improving intra-institutional relationships by directing internal activities that allow for the management of research projects, prototype development, and innovation activities. This expands the opportunities for research results with the possibility of protection, envisioning technological and/or knowledge transfer. UER broadens the probabilities of generating such feedback opportunities to the system itself.

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal es la neoplasia más frecuente del sistema digestivo en los adultos mayores. En Cuba es un problema de salud de primer orden por su elevada incidencia y mortalidad, que constituye la tercera causa de muerte. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal en el Policlínico Sur de Sancti Spíritus. Métodos: Investigación de tipo descriptiva en el Policlínico Sur del municipio y la provincia de Sancti Spíritus de enero a marzo del 2019. Muestra intencional de 127 adultos mayores, pertenecientes a consultorios urbanos. Las variables: edad, sexo, escolaridad, estadio del cáncer colorrectal al diagnóstico, estado de salud, comorbilidades, capacidad y percepción del autocuidado y supervivencia. Para determinar el estadio al diagnóstico se utilizó la clasificación anatomoclínica. La comorbilidad se midió mediante el índice de Chalson mientras que para medir la capacidad y percepción del autocuidado se empleó el Test de CYPAC-AM. Resultados: En la caracterización de la muestra predominaron las mujeres, el grupo de edad entre 70 y 79 años y la escolaridad de secundaria básica. El estadio II, con un mal estado de salud y la inadecuada percepción de autocuidado, fue mayoritario. La comorbilidad fue moderada con una supervivencia entre 40 a 60 meses. Conclusiones: La adecuada caracterización de los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal en la comunidad posibilita trazar estrategias dirigidas a la mejora del autocuidado y el estado de salud de los gerontes desde el primer nivel de atención.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the most frequent neoplasm of the digestive system in older adults. In Cuba, it is a highly significant health problem due to its high incidence and mortality, also being the third cause of death. Objective: To characterize older adults with colorectal cancer at Policlínico Sur of Sancti Spíritus. Methods: A descriptive research was carried out in Policlínico Sur of Sancti Spíritus Municipality and Province from January to March 2019. The intentional sample was made up of 127 older adults, belonging to urban family medical offices. The variables were age, sex, school level, stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis, health status, comorbidities, selfcare capacity and perception, and survival. The anatomoclinical classification was used to determine the stage at diagnosis. Comorbidity was measured using the Chalson index, while the CYPAC-AM (older adult selfcare capacity and perception) test was used to measure selfcare capacity and perception. Results: In the characterization of the sample, there was a predominance of women, the age group between 70 and 79 years, and the junior high school level. Stage II prevailed, together with poor health status and inadequate selfcare perception. Comorbidity was moderate, with survival between 40 to 60 months. Conclusions: The adequate characterization of older adults with colorectal cancer in the community makes it possible to outline strategies aimed at improving selfcare and their health status from the first level of care.

ABSTRACT Among renal replacement therapies, preemptive kidney transplantation (PKT) presents the best clinical, social, and economic results. However, it is still infrequently chosen as first therapy for patients with irreversible kidney failure. Initiatives in different parts of the world were developed to identify the reasons why PKT is still not widely used and to facilitate the access of patients with end-stage kidney disease to the advantages associated with it. This article addresses the main advantages and difficulties of PKT and discusses when it should be indicated and how to prepare potential recipients for PKT.

Resumo Entre as terapias renais substitutivas, o transplante renal preemptivo (TRP) apresenta os melhores resultados clínicos, sociais e econômicos. No entanto, ainda é raramente escolhido como primeira terapia para pacientes com falência renal irreversível. Foram desenvolvidas iniciativas em diferentes partes do mundo para identificar as razões pelas quais o TRP ainda não é amplamente utilizado e para facilitar o acesso de pacientes com doença renal em estágio terminal às vantagens associadas ao mesmo. Este artigo aborda as principais vantagens e dificuldades do TRP e discute quando ele deve ser indicado e como preparar potenciais receptores para o TRP.

RESUMEN Introducción: El uso de catéteres venosos centrales para hemodiálisis se relaciona con un mayor desarrollo de complicaciones infecciosas, por lo que las Guías de Práctica Clínica recomiendan diferentes estrategias para disminuir dichas complicaciones, sin indicación clara sobre el apósito a utilizar en la cura del orificio de salida. Objetivos: Comparar la tasa de infecciones relacionadas con el catéter de dos pautas de cura del orificio de salida del catéter venoso central de hemodiálisis: apósito con gluconato de clorhexidina al 2% frente a clorhexidina en solución al 2%, cubierta con apósito de poliuretano semipermeable autoadhesivo. Material y Método: Estudio experimental, controlado, aleatorizado en pacientes en hemodiálisis a través de catéter venoso central para comparar dos pautas de cura, grupo control: clorhexidina en solución al 2% cubierta con apósito de poliuretano semipermeable autoadhesivo y grupo intervención: apósito con gluconato de clorhexidina al 2%. Se recogieron datos socioclínicos y relacionados con las complicaciones infecciosas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial.. Resultados: Se estudiaron 50 pacientes, 25 en cada grupo. El grupo intervención presentó dos infecciones del orificio de salida y el grupo control, presentó doce casos (OR: 0,176, IC 95%: 0,039-0,790; p=0,013). El grupo intervención presentó un caso de bacteriemia frente a dos episodios del grupo control (OR: 0,533, IC 95%: 0,048-5,892; p=ns). Conclusión: La cura con apósito con gluconato de clorhexidina al 2% es una medida protectora frente a la infección del orificio de salida en comparación con la cura con clorhexidina en solución al 2% y apósito de poliuretano.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of central venous catheters for hemodialysis is associated with a higher incidence of infectious complications, leading Clinical Practice Guidelines to recommend various strategies to reduce such complications, with no clear indication of the dressing to use for catheter exit site care. Objectives: To compare the infection rate related to the catheter exit site using two different protocols: dressing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate versus 2% chlorhexidine solution, both covered with self-adhesive semi-permeable polyurethane dressing for central venous catheters used in hemodialysis. Material and Method: An experimental, controlled, randomized study was conducted in hemodialysis patients with central venous catheters to compare two care protocols. The control group received a 2% chlorhexidine solution covered with a self-adhesive semi-permeable polyurethane dressing, while the intervention group received a dressing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Socio-clinical and infection-related data were collected, and descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Results: A total of 50 patients were studied, with 25 in each group. The intervention group had two exit site infections, while the control group had twelve cases (OR: 0.176, 95% CI: 0.039-0.790; p=0.013). The intervention group had one case of bacteremia compared to two cases in the control group (OR: 0.533, 95% CI: 0.048-5.892; p=ns). Conclusion: Dressing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate is a protective measure against exit site infection compared to dressing with 2% chlorhexidine solution and polyurethane dressing.

ABSTRACT The wild pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill) is a valuable genetic resource for agriculture and food. Around the world salinity is a significant environmental stress that limit and affect agriculture productivity. This work estimates the variation in salinity tolerance in six populations of wild pepper populations of the Northwest of Mexico at three salinity levels (without NaCl, 25 and 50 mM NaCl). The measured traits were height, stem development, foliar area, relative content of chlorophyll, dry weight of plant, root, stem, and leaves. Salinity tolerance was estimated with a stress tolerance index (STI) obtained by comparing values of traits between control treatment (without NaCl) and salinity treatments. Data were subjected to univariate and multivariate variance analysis of principal components. All measured traits were negatively and significantly affected by salinity. Univariate variance analysis and of principal components clearly differentiated the studied populations. At 50 mM NaCl, height, stem diameter, foliar area, stem and leaves dry weight correlated positively with electrical conductivity, and foliar area, relative content of chlorophyll, stem and leaves dry weight correlated with soil Na at the site of origin of the populations. Presa Oviachic showed a higher salinity tolerance in both NaCl treatments (1.17 and 0.99), followed by two more populations (Lo de Vega and Yecorato), each with each salinity treatment. Presa Oviachic presented the highest average STI in both treatments, 37.6% and 40.4% higher than Cósala and Mazocahui respectively. Root dry weight (0.427), stem diameter (0.419), leaf area (0.412), stem dry weight (0.407) and plant dry weight (0.345) were the most important traits in that order and Presa Oviachic was significantly superior to the rest of populations in STI at 50 mM NaCl. Plants of these populations could be a source of salinity resistance. The variation pattern observed in these traits suggests adaptation to the local edaphic conditions.

Resumen El crecimiento de la población y producción agrícola, junto con el incremento de la industrialización a nivel mundial han deteriorado la calidad del agua en cuerpos de agua continentales. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las tendencias de parámetros de calidad del agua en un embalse tropical de la región Centro-Sur del Estado de Sinaloa, México, aplicando análisis estadístico no-paramétrico de Mann-Kendall. Se utilizaron datos obtenidos en cuatro puntos de muestreo en la presa El Salto, durante el período 2012-2020. Los resultados indican que la calidad del agua del embalse presenta tendencia significativa a mejorar durante el periodo analizado. El embalse mostró contaminación de materia orgánica, con concentración de coliformes-fecales superiores a los criterios ecológicos de calidad del agua como fuente de abastecimiento de agua potable y riego agrícola. Las concentraciones de nutrientes, clorofila-a y visibilidad de disco Secchi clasifican el agua entre eutrófica e hiper eutrófica.

Abstract The growth of the population and agricultural production, along with the increase in industrialization worldwide have deteriorated the quality of water in continental water bodies. The objective of this work was to analyze the trend of water quality parameters in a tropical reservoir from Center-South region of the State of Sinaloa, Mexico, applying Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical analysis. Data obtained at four sampling points in the El Salto dam during the period 2012-2020 were used. The results obtained indicate that the water quality in the reservoir presents a significant tendency to improve during the period analyzed. The reservoir showed contamination of organic matter. In addition, that the concentration of fecal-coliforms exceeds the ecological criteria for water quality as a source of drinking water supply and agricultural irrigation. Likewise, the concentrations of nutrients, chlorophyll-a and visibility of the Secchi disc classify the dam water between eutrophic and hyper eutrophic.

Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the differences between survivors and non-survivors with non-reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and to identify the predictors of in-hospital mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study included non-reperfused STEMI patients from October 2005 to August 2020. Patients were classified into survivors and non-survivors. We compared patient characteristics, treatments, and outcomes among the groups and identified factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Results: We included 2442 patients with non-reperfused STEMI and we found a mortality of 12.7% versus 7.2% in reperfused STEMI. The main reason for non-reperfusion was delayed presentation (96.1%). Non-survivors were older, more often women, and had diabetes, hypertension, or atrial fibrillation. The left main coronary disease was more frequent in non-survivors as well as three-vessel disease. Non-survivors developed more in-hospital heart failure, reinfarction, atrioventricular block, bleeding, stroke, and death. The main predictors for in-hospital mortality were renal dysfunction (HR 3.41), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (HR 2.26), and left ventricle ejection fraction < 40% (HR 1.97). Conclusion: Mortality and adverse outcomes occur more frequently in non-reperfused STEMI. Non-survivors tend to be older, with more comorbidities, and have more adverse in-hospital outcomes.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias entre los sobrevivientes y no sobrevivientes con infarto agudo de miocardio no reperfundido y conocer los predictores de mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva que incluyó pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio no reperfundido de octubre de 2005 a agosto de 2020. Se clasificaron los pacientes de acuerdo a su estado de sobrevida y se compararon las características clínicas, tratamientos y desenlaces para poder identificar los predictores de mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2442 pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio no reperfundido, en los que se encontró una mortalidad de 12.7% vs 7.2% los que si recibieron tratamiento de reperfusión. La principal razón para no recibir tratamiento de reperfusión fue el retraso en la atención médica (96.1%). Los no sobrevivientes tuvieron mayor edad, fueron mujeres y tuvieron mayor frecuencia de diabetes, hipertensión y fibrilación atrial. El tronco de la coronaria izquierda y la enfermedad trivascular fueron más frecuentes en los que no sobrevivieron. Los pacientes que no sobrevivieron desarrollaron más insuficiencia cardiaca, reinfarto, bloqueo atrioventricular, sangrados, evento vascular cerebral y muerte. Los principales predictores de mortalidad intrahospitalaria fueron: insuficiencia renal (HR 3.41), tensión arterial sistólica al ingreso < 100 mmHg (HR 2.26) y fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo < 40% (HR 1.97). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con infarto de miocardio no reperfundido tienen mayor mortalidad y desenlaces adversos. Los no sobrevivientes fueron mayores, con más comorbilidades y desarrollaron más desenlaces adversos intrahospitalarios.

Resumen Los vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV) se están convirtiendo en una herramienta tecnología muy versátil en diversas áreas de aplicación para actividades del desarrollo. La topografía, como área fundamental de la ingeniería, aporta información relacionada con la ubicación tridimensional de puntos en la superficie terrestre. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo generar información topográfica, usando un UAV como alternativa tecnológica a las técnicas tradicionales. La metodología consistió en la planificación y ejecución de dos vuelos fotogramétricos con el UAV EBEB SQ, instrumentado con la cámara multiespectral Sequoia. Para ello, se colocaron cinco puntos de control en el terreno, georreferenciados con estación total, usados como puntos de control en el procesamiento de las imágenes del vuelo. Las fotografías capturadas en el vuelo, fueron procesadas mediante fotogrametría con el software PIX4Dmapper, en un computador de escritorio, con procesador Intel(R) Core (TM) i9-9900K CPU 3.60GHz y 32.0 GB de RAM. Los resultados del vuelo fotogramétrico consistieron en un total de 633 fotografías RGB en un tiempo de vuelo de 36:27 minutos, para un área de cobertura de 57.7 ha. El reporte de calidad del procesamiento indicó una precisión de 2 mm en la georreferenciación de las fotografías con los puntos de control. El procesamiento fotogramétrico se ejecutó en un tiempo de 48 minutos para generar Ortofotos, Modelo Digital del Terreno (MDT) y nube de puntos tridimensional. Los productos generados alcanzaron una resolución espacial de 5 cm/pixel, con precisiones milimétricas que permitieron gestionar información topográfica secundaria como la pendiente. La nube de puntos permitió clasificar la cobertura en vegetación y suelo, para estimar la altura del dosel del cultivo de algodón con una precisión del 91 %. Como ventajas del UAV sobre las técnicas tradicionales para levantamientos topográficos se puede destacar la variedad y precisión de los productos geoespaciales y la optimización de los tiempos.

Abstract Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming a very versatile technology tool in several application areas for development activities. Topography, as a fundamental area of engineering, provides information related to the three-dimensional location of points on the earth's surface. The objective of this work was to generate topographic information, using UAV as a technological alternative to traditional techniques. The methodology consisted of planning and execution of two photogrammetric flights with the EBEB SQ UAV, instrumented with the Sequoia multispectral camera. Five control points were placed on the ground, georeferenced with a total station, used as control points in the processing of the flight images. The photographs captured in flight were processed by photogrammetry with PIX4Dmapper software on a desktop computer, with an Intel(R) Core (TM) i9-9900K CPU 3.60GHz processor and 32.0 GB of RAM. The photogrammetric flight results consisted of a total of 633 RGB photographs in a flight time of 36:27 minutes, for a coverage area of 57.7 ha. The processing quality report showed an accuracy of 2 mm in the georeferencing of the photographs with the control points. The photogrammetric processing was executed in a time of 48 minutes to generate Orthophotos, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and three-dimensional point cloud. The generated products reached a spatial resolution of 5 cm/pixel, with millimeter accuracies that allowed the management of secondary topographic information such as slope. The point cloud made it possible to classify the coverage in vegetation and soil, to estimate the height of the cotton crop canopy with an accuracy of 91%. As advantages of the UAV over traditional techniques for topographic surveys, the variety and precision of geospatial products and the optimization of times can be highlighted.